French Court Rejects 75% Tax Rate For Rich

French president Francois Hollande has suffered a fresh setback as the country's highest court threw out his plan to tax the ultra-wealthy at a 75% rate, saying it was unfair.

It had been one of the flagship campaign promises of Mr Hollande's election and the government has vowed to resubmit the measure.

But France's Constitutional Council ruled that the way the highly contentious tax was designed was unconstitutional.

The largely symbolic measure would have only affected a few thousand people who earned over €1m (£818,000) and brought in an estimated €100m to €300m (£82m to £245m).

But it has infuriated high earners in France, prompting some such as actor Gerard Depardieu to flee abroad, and has led to accusations that Mr Hollande is 'anti-business'.

Finance minister Pierre Moscovici said the rejection of the 75% tax and other minor measures could cut up to €500m in forecast tax revenues but would not hurt efforts to slash the public deficit to below a European Union ceiling of 3% of economic output next year.

"The rejected measures represent €300m to €500m. Our deficit-cutting path will not be affected," Mr Moscovici told BFM television.

Socialist President Hollande has his sights set on the super rich

Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said in a statement that the government would resubmit the measure to take the court's concerns into account.

The court's ruling took issue not with the size of the tax, but with the way it discriminated between households depending on how incomes were distributed among its members.

A household with two earners each making just under €1m would be exempt from the tax, while one with one earner making €1.2m would have to pay.

The French government approved the tax in its most recent budget, amid criticism by some that it would do little to stem the country's mounting fiscal problems and would drive away the wealthiest citizens.

In recent weeks, Gerard Depardieu - France's most famous actor - announced his intention to turn in his French passport and move to a village in a tax-friendly Belgium.

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Norovirus Cruise: 'Outbreaks' On Two Ships

More than 400 passengers and crew have been sick with vomiting and diarrhoea as suspected norovirus hits two cruise ships sailing in the Caribbean.

Both luxury liners, the Queen Mary 2 and the Emerald Princess, reported the outbreak to the Centres for Disease Control, following guidelines that come into play when more than 2% of the passengers and crew are laid low.

The US public health agency said it was still conducting lab tests to determine the pathogen, but it said norovirus was suspected.

On Cunard's Queen Mary 2, which left New York on December 22 for a 10-day cruise, 194 passengers and 11 crew members of the more than 3,800 people were reported ill, the CDC said.

And on the Emerald Princess, owned by Princess Cruises, which returned to Fort Lauderdale on December 27, 189 passengers and 31 crew members of the more than 4,400 people on board fell sick, the CDC said.

The CDC said both liners had taken steps to stem the outbreak, including cleaning and disinfecting more often, as well as keeping passengers informed.

Passengers were told to avoid the buffet

But Sue Hayes, from Arkansas, said she was on the Emerald Princess and her husband fell ill. She has been critical of how the crew members handled the crisis.

"It started just a couple of days into the cruise and has affected so many that the staff can't keep up with what they have to do for those who are sick," she said on Facebook.

"I have to phone to get the room cleaned because there aren't enough staff to even get clean towels and the room stewards are not allowed to come into the room.

"I have gone and got food for him because it may be a long time to get it delivered, like two hours after scheduled."

Some people who said they were on the Queen Mary 2 said on Cruise Critic that they were advised to avoid the buffet because of the sickness and that infected passengers were being kept in their rooms.

"I have never felt as sorry for the staff as I do now. They are working round the clock battling this situation," Andiamo said on the blog.

"It is serious, but in my opinion it is being handled very well.

"The festivities continue and those of us who have avoided this virus continue to enjoy the many offerings we come to expect and appreciate.

"For those passengers who have been exposed, they are confined to their cabins until declared safe to come out."

Sky News contacted both Cunard and Princess Cruises for comment but both companies said no one was available to comment.

Similar outbreaks hit two P&O luxury liners - the Azura and the Oriana - earlier this month.

More than 200 people fell ill on the Emerald Princess

The cruise ship infections come as norovirus is thought to be behind the deaths of four people in a hospital in Japan.

The patients, aged between 80 and 97, died of breathing problems and pneumonia last week after suffering vomiting and diarrhoea, said officials at Denentoshi Hospital in Yokohama.

Almost 100 other people have been infected at the hospital since Tuesday.

Norovirus has been sweeping the UK and has led to the closure of dozens of hospital wards.

The Health Protection Agency said there could have been more than a million cases in the UK this season.

The number of cases has risen earlier than expected this year, following an as-yet unexplained trend seen across Europe and other parts of the world.

Norovirus symptoms include sudden vomiting, diarrhoea, or both, a temperature, headache and stomach cramps. The bug usually goes away within a few days but can be contagious for a couple of days after vomiting has ended.

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Fiscal Cliff: Markets Fall As Deadline Looms

European stock markets have opened nervously as the clock ticks down to the New Year deadline for a deal to prevent the US falling over the so-called 'fiscal cliff'.

A series of costly tax rises and spending cuts worth more than $500bn will come into force as 2013 begins in America, unless Congress and the White House can agree compromise measures to stop them being implemented.

The 'fiscal cliff', as it came to be known, was designed to help tackle the country's huge debt pile in the event squabbling politicians could not do a deal beforehand to ease the burden.

The fiscal cliff worries investors as economists fear the pain of implementing the measures will tip the US back into recession and therefore hit world demand and growth prospects.

In London, the FTSE 100 opened 0.4% lower at the start of a trading day that will see the market close at 12:30 GMT because of the New Year holiday.

The CAC 40 in France is also on a half day and started trading fractionally down.

While Germany's DAX is closed, the Dow Jones will be open for business on Wall Street later as Democrats and Republicans begin their final push for a deal to avert the fiscal cliff.

Dow Futures currently point to a higher opening after five days of falls despite a deal palatable to both sides remaining elusive.

US Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said he has made a counter-offer to a Republican proposal put forward on Saturday but later admitted "serious differences" remain.

The two sides have reportedly moved closer on tax increases while Republicans have indicated they could withdraw a contentious proposal to slow the growth of social security retirement benefits.

Mitch McConnell and Harry Reid still heading in different directions

Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said he had asked Vice President Joe Biden to become involved in a last-minute effort to reach an agreement.

He added that there was no single issue blocking an agreement but that "the sticking point appears to be a willingness, an interest, or courage to close the deal."

"I'm willing to get this done, but I need a dance partner," Mr McConnell said.

Both the Senate and the House of Representatives now have little time to debate and then pass a deal that has eluded the White House and Congress for weeks.

President Obama, who called congressional leaders to the White House on Friday, addressed the crisis once more as he appeared on NBC's Sunday morning talk show Meet the Press.

The President said Republicans were unwilling to see tax rates raised for the richest taxpayers.

"They say that their biggest priority is making sure that we deal with the deficit in a serious way," Mr Obama said.

"But the way they're behaving is that their only priority is making sure that tax breaks for the wealthiest Americans are protected.

"That seems to be their only overriding, unifying theme," he added.

If a compromise can be found, the two parties will then decide whether to put it to the vote on New Year's Eve in the Senate and then the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.

President Obama has pressed lawmakers to clinch a deal, even if they must reach a compromise that lacks the significant deficit-reduction measures both sides had sought.

"I was modestly optimistic yesterday, but we don't yet see an agreement," the President told NBC in the interview recorded on Saturday. "And now the pressure's on Congress to produce."

At least one senior Republican said he was optimistic of a deal, and a "political victory" for Mr Obama.

Senator Lindsey Graham told Fox News that the odds are "exceedingly good" a deal can be done.

"I don't think people want to go over the cliff," he said.

The US is facing the fiscal cliff because tax rate cuts dating back to George W Bush's presidency expire at the end of the year.

Mr Obama originally insisted on letting the tax cuts expire on households earning more than $250k (£154k) but later upped that threshold to $400k (£246k).

The pending reductions in spending, which will hit everything from social programmes to the military, were put in place last year as an incentive to both parties to find ways to cut America's soaring deficit.

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Hector Sants: Ex-FSA Chief Awarded Knighthood

The man tasked with regulating the City in the run-up to the near-collapse of the UK banking system has been knighted in the Queen's New Year Honours.

Former Financial Services Authority (FSA) chief executive Hector Sants has been recognised for services to financial regulation after overseeing sweeping reforms following the nationalisation of Northern Rock and the bailout of major banks.

The knighthood may be seen as a controversial decision, as it was Sir Hector who led the organisation accused by MPs of being "asleep at the wheel" in the run up to the collapse of Northern Rock.

While he was criticised for the FSA's failure to spot and prevent the credit crunch and subsequent banking meltdown, he has since won praise for cleaning up the regulator and for his role in forcing banks to beef up their balance sheets.

Sir Hector said the award was a "testament to the hard work of everyone at the FSA during the crisis, their willingness to learn lessons and to bring about the changes that were necessary".

The 56-year-old had planned to leave his role in February 2010, but was convinced by Chancellor George Osborne to stay on to see through the coalition's break-up of the FSA.

It was thought he would become a deputy governor of the Bank of England and head the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) - one of two new regulatory bodies that will replace the FSA as part of an overhaul in the wake of the financial crisis.

But Sir Hector unexpectedly resigned earlier this year and has courted more controversy, joining scandal-hit Barclays, where he will become the bank's first point of contact for regulators.

He is believed to be in line for a £3m pay package.

The FSA received a mauling from MPs in the wake of the banking crisis and collapse of Northern Rock.

Northern Rock had to be nationalised in 2008, with the Government also having to bail out Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and HBOS.

In the aftermath of the crisis, Sir Hector warned the City to "be frightened" as he pledged an era of more intrusive and direct regulation.

He also laid the blame at the door of the US and UK governments for their part in the crisis, saying authorities worldwide sought to "encourage a significant credit boom particularly for the benefit of consumers who wished to purchase housing".

Sir Hector joined the FSA wholesale markets arm from Credit Suisse in 2004. He became chief executive in 2007 - just two months before the run on Northern Rock.

It had been widely expected that Sir Hector would return to the private sector when he resigned from the FSA.

Barclays, which has had its reputation battered following this summer's rate-rigging revelations, has appointed Sir Hector to the newly-created role of head of compliance. He is due to start on January 21.

It is believed he will also play a central role in rewriting the bank's pay and bonus strategy.

Sir Hector is married with three children.

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French Court Rejects 75% Tax Rate For Rich

French president Francois Hollande has suffered a fresh setback as the country's highest court threw out his plan to tax the ultra-wealthy at a 75% rate, saying it was unfair.

It had been one of the flagship campaign promises of Mr Hollande's election and the government has vowed to resubmit the measure.

But France's Constitutional Council ruled that the way the highly contentious tax was designed was unconstitutional.

The largely symbolic measure would have only affected a few thousand people who earned over €1m (£818,000) and brought in an estimated €100m to €300m (£82m to £245m).

But it has infuriated high earners in France, prompting some such as actor Gerard Depardieu to flee abroad, and has led to accusations that Mr Hollande is 'anti-business'.

Finance minister Pierre Moscovici said the rejection of the 75% tax and other minor measures could cut up to €500m in forecast tax revenues but would not hurt efforts to slash the public deficit to below a European Union ceiling of 3% of economic output next year.

"The rejected measures represent €300m to €500m. Our deficit-cutting path will not be affected," Mr Moscovici told BFM television.

Socialist President Hollande has his sights set on the super rich

Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said in a statement that the government would resubmit the measure to take the court's concerns into account.

The court's ruling took issue not with the size of the tax, but with the way it discriminated between households depending on how incomes were distributed among its members.

A household with two earners each making just under €1m would be exempt from the tax, while one with one earner making €1.2m would have to pay.

The French government approved the tax in its most recent budget, amid criticism by some that it would do little to stem the country's mounting fiscal problems and would drive away the wealthiest citizens.

In recent weeks, Gerard Depardieu - France's most famous actor - announced his intention to turn in his French passport and move to a village in a tax-friendly Belgium.

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Norovirus Cruise: 'Outbreaks' On Two Ships

More than 400 passengers and crew have been sick with vomiting and diarrhoea as suspected norovirus hits two cruise ships sailing in the Caribbean.

Both luxury liners, the Queen Mary 2 and the Emerald Princess, reported the outbreak to the Centres for Disease Control, following guidelines that come into play when more than 2% of the passengers and crew are laid low.

The US public health agency said it was still conducting lab tests to determine the pathogen, but it said norovirus was suspected.

On Cunard's Queen Mary 2, which left New York on December 22 for a 10-day cruise, 194 passengers and 11 crew members of the more than 3,800 people were reported ill, the CDC said.

And on the Emerald Princess, owned by Princess Cruises, which returned to Fort Lauderdale on December 27, 189 passengers and 31 crew members of the more than 4,400 people on board fell sick, the CDC said.

The CDC said both liners had taken steps to stem the outbreak, including cleaning and disinfecting more often, as well as keeping passengers informed.

Passengers were told to avoid the buffet

But Sue Hayes, from Arkansas, said she was on the Emerald Princess and her husband fell ill. She has been critical of how the crew members handled the crisis.

"It started just a couple of days into the cruise and has affected so many that the staff can't keep up with what they have to do for those who are sick," she said on Facebook.

"I have to phone to get the room cleaned because there aren't enough staff to even get clean towels and the room stewards are not allowed to come into the room.

"I have gone and got food for him because it may be a long time to get it delivered, like two hours after scheduled."

Some people who said they were on the Queen Mary 2 said on Cruise Critic that they were advised to avoid the buffet because of the sickness and that infected passengers were being kept in their rooms.

"I have never felt as sorry for the staff as I do now. They are working round the clock battling this situation," Andiamo said on the blog.

"It is serious, but in my opinion it is being handled very well.

"The festivities continue and those of us who have avoided this virus continue to enjoy the many offerings we come to expect and appreciate.

"For those passengers who have been exposed, they are confined to their cabins until declared safe to come out."

Sky News contacted both Cunard and Princess Cruises for comment but both companies said no one was available to comment.

Similar outbreaks hit two P&O luxury liners - the Azura and the Oriana - earlier this month.

More than 200 people fell ill on the Emerald Princess

The cruise ship infections come as norovirus is thought to be behind the deaths of four people in a hospital in Japan.

The patients, aged between 80 and 97, died of breathing problems and pneumonia last week after suffering vomiting and diarrhoea, said officials at Denentoshi Hospital in Yokohama.

Almost 100 other people have been infected at the hospital since Tuesday.

Norovirus has been sweeping the UK and has led to the closure of dozens of hospital wards.

The Health Protection Agency said there could have been more than a million cases in the UK this season.

The number of cases has risen earlier than expected this year, following an as-yet unexplained trend seen across Europe and other parts of the world.

Norovirus symptoms include sudden vomiting, diarrhoea, or both, a temperature, headache and stomach cramps. The bug usually goes away within a few days but can be contagious for a couple of days after vomiting has ended.

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Fiscal Cliff: Obama 'Optimistic' After Talks

Mr Burns Explains The Fiscal Cliff

Updated: 3:03pm UK, Friday 07 December 2012

The Simpsons character Mr Burns has managed to explain the "fiscal cliff" with a pithy cartoon.

It may be a complex and political concept, but with the use of a simple graph and a man in a car, the unpopular nuclear plant CEO succeeds in explaining the predicament facing the US economy.

Admittedly it may have a certain Republican spin to it, but given that the explanation is made in the Burns mansion where Mitt Romney presidential campaign posters are peeling from the wall, that is no surprise.

According to Mr Burns the "fiscal cliff" is defined simply as this: "Think of the economy as a car and the rich man as the driver. If you don't give the driver all the money he will drive you over a cliff.

"It's just common sense."

He goes on to tell his right-hand man Smithers: "Furthermore, rich people feel things more than the common man."

The fiscal cliff is the $607bn (£378bn) of cuts and taxes that will kick in on January 1 if the Republicans and the Democrats in Congress cannot agree on how to run the US economy.

While the Democrats favour raising taxes for the rich, the Republicans want to retain the tax cuts brought in by George W Bush and say it is government spending that must be curtailed.

Because they failed to agree they made a deal on a package of tax rises and spending cuts, including defence and welfare, that will come into action in the new year unless a solution is found.

Economists have warned that if this happens then it could throw the US back into recession and damage the global financial recovery.

Some financial experts have said that the fiscal cliff is the biggest threat to global recovery, as the rest of the world is looking to the US to lead them out of recession.

Congress is now working to try to find a solution before the December 31 deadline.

If it does not, then Smithers will be driving Mr Burns' car to the top of the graph and over the cliff.

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Hector Sants: Ex-FSA Chief Awarded Knighthood

The man tasked with regulating the City in the run-up to the near-collapse of the UK banking system has been knighted in the Queen's New Year Honours.

Former Financial Services Authority (FSA) chief executive Hector Sants has been recognised for services to financial regulation after overseeing sweeping reforms following the nationalisation of Northern Rock and the bailout of major banks.

The knighthood may be seen as a controversial decision, as it was Sir Hector who led the organisation accused by MPs of being "asleep at the wheel" in the run up to the collapse of Northern Rock.

While he was criticised for the FSA's failure to spot and prevent the credit crunch and subsequent banking meltdown, he has since won praise for cleaning up the regulator and for his role in forcing banks to beef up their balance sheets.

Sir Hector said the award was a "testament to the hard work of everyone at the FSA during the crisis, their willingness to learn lessons and to bring about the changes that were necessary".

The 56-year-old had planned to leave his role in February 2010, but was convinced by Chancellor George Osborne to stay on to see through the coalition's break-up of the FSA.

It was thought he would become a deputy governor of the Bank of England and head the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) - one of two new regulatory bodies that will replace the FSA as part of an overhaul in the wake of the financial crisis.

But Sir Hector unexpectedly resigned earlier this year and has courted more controversy, joining scandal-hit Barclays, where he will become the bank's first point of contact for regulators.

He is believed to be in line for a £3m pay package.

The FSA received a mauling from MPs in the wake of the banking crisis and collapse of Northern Rock.

Northern Rock had to be nationalised in 2008, with the Government also having to bail out Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and HBOS.

In the aftermath of the crisis, Sir Hector warned the City to "be frightened" as he pledged an era of more intrusive and direct regulation.

He also laid the blame at the door of the US and UK governments for their part in the crisis, saying authorities worldwide sought to "encourage a significant credit boom particularly for the benefit of consumers who wished to purchase housing".

Sir Hector joined the FSA wholesale markets arm from Credit Suisse in 2004. He became chief executive in 2007 - just two months before the run on Northern Rock.

It had been widely expected that Sir Hector would return to the private sector when he resigned from the FSA.

Barclays, which has had its reputation battered following this summer's rate-rigging revelations, has appointed Sir Hector to the newly-created role of head of compliance. He is due to start on January 21.

It is believed he will also play a central role in rewriting the bank's pay and bonus strategy.

Sir Hector is married with three children.

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Pig Farming Crisis To Push Up Pork Prices

By Emma Birchley, Sky News Correspondent

Supplies of British pork on shop shelves are under threat as pig farmers struggle to stay in business.

Cripplingly high feed costs caused by global wheat and soya shortages have forced many farms to close already.

The problem, according to Essex farmer Fergus Howie, is that most producers are not being paid enough by supermarkets to make a profit.

"It's unsustainable to continue farming pigs when you are losing on every single pig that you produce so pig farmers throughout the country and in Europe and America are packing up and going out of business.

"We are certainly losing about £10 a pig."

Some producers are now being offered deals that enable them to make a small profit, but many of those who are not so lucky have resorted to slaughtering more breeding sows to cut their costs.

Since mid-June an extra 15,500 sows have been slaughtered. That works out at between 3% and 4% of the total UK breeding herd.

The National Pig Association expects the result to be increased prices of bacon and sausages by the autumn.

"Because of the length of the production cycle, we won't see the impact of these numbers going out of the herd for eight to 12 months," said Zoe Davies, the NPA's general manager.

"That's when we will start to see the shortages and the prices probably creep up."

More sows are also being slaughtered across Europe which will add to the shortage of pork. And there are other changes afoot across the Channel that are likely to affect supply.

In 1999, a ban was brought in on small metal crates known as sow stalls in the UK.

Only now are similar welfare rules being brought in across EU. In theory, it should make it easier for British farmers to compete.

But Fergus Howie remains to be convinced that the law will make the difference it should.

"If is is properly implemented it will be a fair playing field but we are really worried that it won't be properly implemented and product will be coming into this country that would be illegal."

At Wicks Manor in Tolleshunt Major, the Howie family make bacon, sausages and ham from their animals and that has helped keep the farm afloat.

But for the farmers relying on a fair price for their pigs, it looks set to be another year of battling to stay in business despite prices rising on the shelves.

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Fiscal Cliff: Obama Calls Leaders To White House

Opinion: President Obama Must Find Diplomacy Skills

Updated: 3:58pm UK, Thursday 27 December 2012

By David Buik, Cantor Index

President Obama and his charming wife Michelle recently posed for Christmas holiday photographs in Hawaii – all chilled out, very avant-garde in their dress and without appearing to have care in the world.

Clearly his advisers were not in concert with his thinking and summoned him back to Washington in response to an uncomfortable poll, where 47% were of the opinion that a solution will not be found before 1st January 2013 to avoid the 'fiscal cliff!'

I do not subscribe to that intense feeling of uncertainty.  However this impasse with the Republican majority in Congress cannot prevail without serious consequences!

Falling off the Fiscal Cliff would mean that $600bn of tax increases would be immediately implemented affecting many from the US middle-class to the tune of $2,000 per annum plus expenditure cuts totalling $100bn, including austerity measures on an already stressed defence budget.

Measures of such magnitude could send the US economy into recession. Many feel that this frustrating level of prevarication or if you prefer political brinkmanship could take 0.5% off GDP in 2013.

There has always been some degree of posturing by Congress when the opposition holds the majority of votes.  However this time around there appears to be an excess of 'bad blood' between the warring parties. Democrat House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, senior majority leader in the Senate, would hardly qualify as candidates for a first class honours degree in diplomacy, always pouring oil on the flames of discontent on any negotiations which are not in line with their thinking.

John Boehner, the GOP's majority leader has not exactly excelled himself either in terms of presentation.  He preens himself like a peacock, without a hair out of place, when updating the media on the disappointing progress of the negotiations, thus irritating the Democrats for the perceived intransigence of the Republicans.

For the market place easily the most disappointing performance of all from these budget negotiations has come from the President himself.  Despite the fact that he has a larger majority than he gained at the Presidential election in 2008, he still has no majority in Congress.  That's a fact of life and unless the constitution is changed, and frankly 'hell has a better chance of freezing over,' an agreement has to be found within the framework of Congress – like it or not.

Let's not mince words.  There is an air of arrogant confidence about President Barack Obama's demeanour.  Unfortunately he has a lousy relationship with the Republicans in Congress, which is almost understandable; but what is unforgivable is the perception that his relationship with the Democrats in Congress is one of aloofness, irritation and indifference.

He may well protest at that allegation – no matter! As Commander-in-Chief it is the President's job to cajole and steer the acceptance of the US government's legislation and policies through Congress.

President Obama has a very strong case that those earning over $250,000 a year should shoulder more of the tax burden.  However what is terrifying to the market place is what seems to be the threat of abrogation of responsibility in dealing with the unacceptable and gargantuan levels of debt.

Objective people accept that in 2008 President Obama took an economic 'hospital-pass' from President George W Bush, which sent the economy in to recession.  Of that there is no doubt. TARP was a successful ruse!  Treasury Secretary Geithner and FED Chairman Bernanke's next little trick, which fell out of 'Pandora's Box' was quantitative easing!

It was a decent temporary solution and it bought time and restored confidence.  However there are only 4 aces in a pack of cards. Geithner and Bernanke may think there are six. Zero interest rates can only last so long.  Eventually someone has to pick up the tab!  Since 2008 the deficit has risen from $9tn to $16t. This is unacceptable.

In my humble opinion debt is the greatest threat to democracy! The US government cannot rely on China to keep buying Treasuries with an insatiable appetite, regardless of liquidity, if the US government does not attend to its responsibilities. 

Governments, banks and Consumers are all-over borrowed.  De-leveraging must be implemented.

If the market and China in particular decides that the debt burden is too great and consequently withdrew their automatic support with yields from 0.25% to 2% rising meteorically, that would send the cost of servicing debt in to orbit. The worst case scenario would be recession, massive unemployment and civil unrest!

President Obama, please avoid possible turmoil and 'go bang a few heads' together diplomatically!

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UK Economy: Workers Face A 'Hard Year Of Slog'

A number of reports are warning of a tough 2013 in the jobs market, with one study predicting it will be a "hard year of slog" for even those in work.

Dr John Philpott, director of The Jobs Economist, believes workers can expect longer hours, a continued squeeze on pay and fewer jobs being created.

His analysis suggests job insecurity will remain high, with workers having to maintain a "grin and bear it" attitude.

The study forecasts that the trend in falling unemployment will come to an end with the jobless total increasing by 120,000 to 2.63 million in 2013 because growth in the workforce will exceed the number of jobs being created.

However, youth unemployment would fall below 900,000, while long-term unemployment will remain broadly the same.

The outlook also forecasts that pay deals would continue to be affected by unemployment, with increases lagging behind inflation, leading to wage cuts for workers in real terms.

He said: "Our jobs outlook for 2013 is relatively optimistic in that we expect only a modest rise in unemployment. However, the fact that this can be considered good news merely underlines the harsh reality of current economic austerity.

"GDP may grow somewhat faster but 2013 will be another year of hard slog, with longer hours for those lucky enough to have jobs and a further squeeze on living standards for workers and the jobless alike."

But a separate study painted a slightly better picture for the longer term.

A report for the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) said that continued growth in employment was likely in 2013, with the number of people in work potentially reaching a historic milestone of 30 million before the next general election in 2015.

Latest figures showed there were 29.6 million people in employment in the quarter to October, an increase of almost half a million on a year earlier.

However, the study also warned that excess capacity had built up in some firms as employers held on to skilled and talented staff, which could lead to weaker employment growth even if the economy picks up.

Mark Beatson, chief economist at the CIPD, said: "The jobs enigma, of strong growth in private sector employment in the absence of sustained economic growth, has been one of the most mystifying economic features of 2012, and if 2012 proved an enigma, the labour market appears equally difficult to pin down for 2013.

"Although the flexibility of the UK labour market is an important factor, the popular focus on under-employment as a major factor in explaining rising overall employment seems overplayed.

"While there are undoubtedly significant numbers of people working fewer hours than they would like, and this is an issue that merits further investigation and consideration by policy makers and employers alike, the numbers have not increased significantly this year, making it a poor explanation on its own for the 2012 jobs enigma.

"On balance, there are likely to be further increases in employment. Rising employment alongside muted growth indicates that employers have significant reserves of skilled labour capacity on which to call to support growth."

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Autonomy Founder Rounds On HP Accusers

Mike Lynch Statement In Full

Updated: 10:42am UK, Friday 28 December 2012

Here is the full statement released by Mike Lynch, Autonomy's founder, in response to HP's regulatory filing in the US on Thursday:

""It is extremely disappointing that HP has again failed to provide a detailed calculation of its $5 billion write-down of Autonomy, or publish any explanation of the serious allegations it has made against the former management team, in its annual report filing today.

Furthermore, it is now less clear how much of the $5 billion write-down is in fact being attributed to the alleged accounting issues, and how much to other changes in business performance and earnings projections. This appears to be a material change in HP's allegations.

Simply put, these allegations are false, and in the absence of further detail we cannot understand what HP believes to be the basis for them.

We also do not understand why HP is raising these issues now given that Autonomy reported into the HP Finance team from the day the acquisition completed in October 2011, there was an extensive due diligence process and Autonomy was audited as a public company for many years.

We would particularly make the following points:

:: HP's CFO Cathie Lesjak and her team, plus a number of outside advisors, had access to all Autonomy accounts and documents from October 2011 onwards, and raised no issues.

:: Beginning in November 2011, HP and KPMG reviewed Autonomy's closing balance sheet in detail, and Ernst & Young reviewed Deloitte's audit work papers.

:: Beginning in October 2011, HP studied in detail Autonomy's tax structure and transfer pricing as well as its revenue recognition practices (led by Paul Curtis, HP's worldwide head of revenue recognition).

:: An independent, third-party valuation of Autonomy's assets was carried out in January 2012.

:: Quarterly business reviews were held with Autonomy management, Meg Whitman and Cathie Lesjak to discuss Autonomy's financial performance.

:: HP has continued to sell and account for hardware alongside Autonomy software in the same way that Autonomy did for the year since the acquisition completed.

:: Regarding differences between IFRS and US GAAP accounting standards, which appear to have a role in some of the allegations HP has made, Autonomy's accounting policies were made clear in Autonomy's 2010 annual report.

We also note the statement in HP's annual report that it received confirmation from the U.S, Department of Justice on 21 November 2012 (the day after HP's first public statement), that the Department had opened an investigation. We can confirm that we have as yet had no contact from any regulatory authority. We will co-operate with any investigation and look forward to the opportunity to explain our position.

We continue to reject these allegations in the strongest possible terms. Autonomy's financial accounts were properly maintained id in accordance with applicable regulations, fully audited by Deloitte, and available to HP during the due diligence process.

We remain deeply concerned about how this process has been conducted, and believe it is in everyone's interest for it to be resolved as soon as possible."

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Fiscal Cliff: Obama Cuts Holiday Short

US President Barack Obama has cut short his Christmas holiday in Hawaii to return to Washington for crisis talks on averting the so-called 'fiscal cliff'.

The White House and Congress have until the end of the month to reach a compromise on how to avoid a series of tax increases and spending cuts worth $600bn (£371bn) that were initially designed, in the era of President George W Bush, to scare politicians into a Budget deal.

These measures will kick in on January 1 without an agreement.

Economists fear that unless the Democrat President and a Republican-dominated Congress do a deal, the pain inflicted by a plunge over the fiscal cliff would tip the US into recession and hurt the wider world recovery.

There is little sign of a compromise on Capitol Hill as Congress returns from its Christmas break.

Republican John Boehner is leading the negotiations with President Obama

While UK markets were closed for the Boxing Day holiday, those in the US lost some ground as nerves began to resurface.

The FTSE 100 opened almost 0.2% lower in London on Thursday but soon recovered that back - a sign that investors were prepared to wait for news on the crisis talks.

A rush for safe havens is predicted if it becomes clear that no deal is possible.

It is understood that both sides are already drawing up plans for a 'blame game' in the event that compromise fails to materialise.

While President Obama has looked to protect the most vulnerable the Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Boehner, has said that targeting more tax from business and the wealthy would be counter-productive to job creation.

Experts suggest the two men could reach a short term deal to beat the deadline but there is no guarantee it would be backed by the House.

While Mr Boehner was personally humiliated by the failure to secure backing for his own solution to the crisis before Christmas, public frustration and anger with politicians is growing as the deadline looms.

Consumer confidence figures out later are forecast by some to reflect worries about the impact of the fiscal cliff.

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Graphene: Super Funds For Super-Material

Investment funds totalling £21.5m are going to some of Britain's top universities to develop commercial uses for the "super-material" graphene.

Manchester University academics Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for demonstrating the remarkable properties of the material.

Graphene is a kind of two-dimensional carbon which is one of the thinnest, lightest, strongest and most conductive materials known to man.

Graphene atoms are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern similar to graphite, but in a sheet one-atom thick.

A sheet measuring one metre square weighs only .77 milligrams.

The aim is to see the material put to use in a wide array of industrial and everyday applications.

Graphene could deliver potentially lucrative technological breakthroughs in areas ranging from electronics to energy generation and telecommunications.

George Osborne saw Manchester University's graphene research labs last year

The Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council has identified the most promising graphene-related research projects in British universities to benefit from state funding.

The University of Cambridge has been awarded more than £12m for research into graphene flexible electronics and opto-electronics, which could include things like touch-screens and other display devices.

London's Imperial College will receive over £4.5m to investigate aerospace applications of graphene, working with a number of industrial partners including Airbus.

The other successful projects are based at Durham University, the University of Manchester, the University of Exeter and Royal Holloway.

The universities will be working with industrial partners including Nokia, BAE Systems, Procter & Gamble, Qinetiq, Rolls-Royce, Dyson, Sharp and Philips Research. They will together bring a further £12m to the table.

News of the funding was announced by Chancellor George Osborne, who said: "The Government moved quickly and decisively to make sure this Nobel Prize-winning technology invented here in the UK was also developed here.

"It's exactly what our commitment to science and a proactive industrial strategy is all about - and we've beaten off strong global competition.

"Now I am glad to announce investment that will help take it from the British laboratory to the British factory floor."

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JD Wetherspoon To Create 1,200 Jobs

The pub chain JD Wetherspoon has announced plans to create 1,200 jobs during 2013 and said the number would have been greater but for the tax regime facing the industry.

The expansion plans will see 30 pubs open in cities across the UK, adding to the firm's current total of 866 pubs and bars.

The company is to invest more than "£35m in areas including Cardiff, Fort William, Selby, Whitby, New Brighton and Fraserburgh.

Wetherspoon chairman Tim Martin said: "We are looking forward to opening the new pubs, many of which will be in areas where Wetherspoon is not yet represented.

"We are also pleased to be creating so many new jobs, especially during a recession."

But he continued: "There is no question that we would open more pubs and create more jobs in 2013 if the increasing tax burden on pubs was reduced."

Mr Martin has criticised successive Governments on tax.

While beer duty increases have hurt pub numbers, he has long argued that supermarkets have an unfair advantage because they do not have to pay the 20% VAT on food that pubs do, meaning more people opt to stay at home.

He blamed an increasing tax take for his decision to limit the company's expansion plans during 2012.

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Pop-Up Shops Benefit From Empty High Street

By Lisa Dowd, Midlands Correspondent

With 20 shops closing every day on Britain's high streets, some premises are being temporarily rented out for as little as £1 a week to pop-up businesses.

One in six premises now stands empty compared with one in 20 at the start of the recession, according to retail research firm the Local Data Company.

So could pop-up shops help alleviate the situation?

"I've heard of examples of some shops going for as little as £1 a week because the landlord is saying to himself, I think these people have got a good product and if I give them a month or two at a cheap rate they may want to stay longer and then I can charge a commercial rate, " said Jerry Blackett from Birmingham Chamber of Commerce.

In Birmingham's Great Western Arcade, No 22, a jewellery shop showcasing the talent of young, local designers, moved into premises which had stood empty for months.

Silversmith and mentor Kerry O'Connor said: "We pay rates and all the bills and we get a reduced rent.

"It works both ways that we can stay here potentially as long as we want but likewise if somebody comes along who wants to take on a proper lease we could get kicked out within a month."

No 22 is paid for by European funding and a local council who are keen to help fledgling businesses and promote Birmingham as a centre of jewellery excellence.

"The pop-up encourages people to come to the arcade and see something new," said Carol Alderson from Birmingham City Council.

"We've put out flyers around the city, we've emailed, lots of people have gone on the website, it encourages new people into the arcade which should have a knock-on effect on the other businesses with people coming into the pop-up shop."

Designer Karen Collis said: "It's a brilliant opportunity to showcase my work for the first time really because I only graduated in June so I can test the market to see if people like the stuff that I'm making and also there's the opportunity to sell, I sold a piece yesterday, it was exciting."

Pop-ups come and go quickly, so it's not known how many are trading, or their impact.

But those involved with No 22 recognise that no-one benefits from premises standing empty.

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Boxing Day Sales: Bargain Hunters Hit Shops

Bargain hunters are hitting shops up and down the country as the Boxing Day sales get under way.

People queued overnight in London's Oxford Street in preparation for stores opening this morning, with thousands pouring through the doors of Selfridges when its sale started.

Up to 7.1 million shoppers are expected in stores, with one in 10 venturing out for a deal before 9am, according to research from Green Flag.

According to MoneySupermarket.com, shoppers in the UK are set to spend a total of £2.9bn.

A poll for the website found almost four million Britons (8%) planned to head to the high street on Boxing Day in addition to more than five million (10%) who will be searching online.

However, figures from one survey, by comparison website Pricerunner, suggested that almost half (47%) of those questioned were not planning on buying anything in the post-Christmas sales.

Consumers in London could struggle to get to the shops as Tube drivers prepare to strike over a dispute about bank holiday pay.

Extra buses will be laid on for those travelling to the West End, as well as the Westfield shopping centres in Stratford, east London, and White City, west London, Transport for London said.

Online retailers tried to stay one step ahead of the competition by offering heavy discounts on Christmas Day with Amazon's UK website seeing a 263% rise in sales over the last five years.

Analysts Experian predict that Christmas 2012 will be the "biggest and busiest ever" for online retailers in the UK, with visits to retail websites expected to reach 126 million today, up 31% on 2011 and consumers predicted to spend £472.5m online.

But there was more gloom for the high street in the run-up to Christmas with shoppers preferring to buy presents online, according to Business recovery group Begbies Traynor.

The British Retail Consortium (BRC) said high street spending was "acceptable but not exceptional" this festive period - blaming it poor accessibility to high streets and weak consumer demand rather than online shopping.

Richard Dodd of BRC said: "There are a lot of myths around online retail. 10% of overall retailing over the year comes from online shopping and actually it presents lots of opportunities for the retail sector."

A Begbies Traynor report said almost high-street 140 firms were in a critical condition in the fourth quarter, meaning they are on the brink of collapse, while more than 13,700 were in "significant" distress - up 35% during the three months to December 17.

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Tube Strike: Shoppers Face Boxing Day Delays

London Underground drivers have gone on strike on Boxing Day for the third consecutive year, causing major disruptions to Christmas bargain-hunters and visitors to the capital.

The train drivers' union Aslef stopped work today for the first of three strikes as part of a long-running dispute about Bank Holiday pay.

Two further walk-outs are scheduled for the last two Fridays in January.

With up to 7.1 million shoppers expected to hit the Boxing Day sales, Transport for London (TfL) said it is was doing everything possible to help shoppers get into and around London.

Services are operating today on most London Underground lines, however TfL is warning passengers of major disruptions and only limited services on all lines.

The Waterloo & City line is closed today, while other lines are operating reduced services.

The Piccadilly line is expected to be closed through the city centre, and the Victoria line is scheduled to run only between Seven Sisters and Victoria at a reduced frequency.

Extra buses will be laid on for those travelling to the West End, as well as the Westfield shopping centres in Stratford and White City.

London Overground services are not in operation today and the Congestion Charge has been suspended.

Some rail services are operating on Southern and South Eastern trains into London Victoria and London St Pancras International, as well as on the Gatwick Express and Stansted Express.

Aslef argues it is not to blame for today's industrial action, saying management has "sat on its hands and offered nothing constructive to resolve this dispute".

Over 90% of Aslef members voted in favour of launching the action for a third consecutive year.

But TfL has condemned Aslef for what it argues is a "completely unnecessary disruption to Londoners on Boxing Day".

Howard Collins, London Underground's chief operating officer, said: "Train drivers are paid a salary that reflects some Bank Holiday working, but the Aslef leadership is demanding to be paid twice for the same work and has rejected our attempts to resolve the matter.

"The scandalous actions of the Aslef leadership are an attempt to hold Londoners to ransom, and demonstrate a wholesale disregard for our customers - making life harder for shoppers, sports fans, retail workers and businesses amongst others at an important time.

"They also show a disregard for the thousands of transport staff who will be working hard to help people get around the capital."

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House Prices Predicted To Edge Down In 2013

House prices across the country fall by 1% during 2013 as the London market shows signs of cooling, property analysts have said.

Prices fell 0.1% month-on-month in December, marking the sixth month in a row that this has happened, and average prices ended the year 0.3% lower than a year ago, Hometrack said.

It predicts that a reluctance by struggling families to take on more debt will continue to act as a drag on the housing market next year and prices will be more volatile with continued low sales.

Hometrack's monthly figures for December show prices were flat in London and East Anglia, fell 0.1% in the Midlands, the South and Yorkshire and Humberside, dropped 0.2% in the North West and Wales and by 0.3% in the North East.

One in five postcodes in England and Wales recorded price increases over the past year but prices have fallen across two-thirds of the country.

London has had strong demand from wealthy overseas buyers and consistently outperforms other regions, seeing prices rise in seven out of 10 postcodes this year. Property prices are now 10% higher than at the peak of the market in 2007.

But price growth in London, vital to keeping average prices up in the rest of the country, is predicted to slow over next year, with a 2% annual increase pencilled in.

Central London price growth looks set to slow, following the introduction of a 7% stamp duty rate placed on homes worth over £2m in March.

The Office for National Statistics recently indicated that house price increases in London could be slowing. The rate of year-on-year price growth in the city dropped from 5.2% in September to 3.4% by October.

The study regularly asks estate agents across England and Wales about achievable selling prices.

But Hometrack's predictions jar with some other recent surveys, including one from Rightmove which said increased competition among mortgage lenders and a continued shortage of homes to choose from will help to push asking prices up by 2% across England and Wales next year.

The Council of Mortgage Lenders has said it expects the housing market to "feel more stable and positive" next year, with much of the boost coming from a multibillion-pound Government scheme which has already helped to increase mortgage availability.

But the council has also said demand for mortgages could be held back by the weakness of the economy and much will hinge on the continued resilience of UK employment.

Halifax has said house prices are likely to be flat next year, with any growth likely to be strongest in London and the South East.

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Belgian Chocolate: Is Its Reputation Melting?

By Robert Nisbet, Europe Correspondent

Belgium's reputation as the world's chocolate capital could be melting as emerging markets develop a sweet tooth and the recession continues to bite.

The region became the base for the industry shortly after the Spanish explorer Cortes returned from Mexico with cocoa pods from Mexico in the 17th century.

Three hundred chocolate companies are based in Belgium, which have a combined turnover of nearly £2bn every year.

While the commodities analyst Mintel suggests the global market for chocolate has held steady in 2012 at roughly £52bn, the market in Western Europe shrank by 5%.

More worryingly for many of the Belgian craftsman, who buy their chocolate already ground and cooked before adding their own ingredients, processing has shifted away from factories in neighbouring Germany and the Netherlands.

Statistics from the European Cocoa Association show that processing in Europe fell by 17% over the summer.

It is not just the recession, the economic model is changing: demand for luxury chocolate is growing in emerging economies, but slowly shrinking in richer countries.

World record-breaking chocolate train

So it makes more economic sense for the larger companies to shift production to new markets where labour costs are low and the beans do not have to be shipped to Europe to be processed.

Since the recession, Belgian artisans have been mostly shielded from a dip in local demand by growing demand in eastern Europe and the so-called BRIC countries.

But there could be problems ahead when they have to pay more to buy processed chocolate from further afield.

There certainly is not an air of impending crisis.

We saw a giant chocolate sculpture of a hippopotamus draw gasps in Grand Sablon, the "quality street" where most of the famous chocolate houses have a flagship shop.

There was also the unveiling of the world's longest ever structure built purely from chocolate in the Gare du Midi near the railway platform where Eurostar trains rumble in from London.

The 34 metre long sculpture of a vintage steam train was checked by inspectors from the Guinness Book of World Records to ensure it was solid chocolate and not bulked out using cheaper ingredients.

The tourism minister Christos Doulkeridis told Sky News that he believed Belgium will keep its chocolate crown.

"We don't want to be the first one just in chocolate. We want to be the first one in chocolate of quality," he said.

The test will be whether the country can continue to maintain its reputation as a marque of quality in the teeth of foreign competition.

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Christmas Day Online Sales Surge Predicted

Bargain season begins in force today as online retailers slash prices ahead of an expected onslaught of consumers hitting the high street for the traditional Boxing Day sales.

Amazon's UK website said it had seen sales on Christmas Day increase by 263% over the last five years.

It expects this to be its busiest Christmas Day to date, partly due to the growth in home broadband and the popularity of tablets and smartphones.

The retailer is launching its Boxing Day deals a day early, which include clearance offers and "lightning deals" for a limited time and quantity of stock.

Shopping frenzies are moving from the high street to the internet

Trends seen on past Christmas Days on Amazon include an 11am rush for last minute gift cards, the spending of gift cards at midday and sofa surfing at 8.15pm.

Amazon's vice president of EU retail, Xavier Garambois, said: "The digital revolution has certainly played a part in this growth and Christmas Day is our biggest day of the year for MP3 and Kindle book downloads, as many people are buying content from new devices that they have just received.

"It's not just digital items though, we are seeing purchases of everything from baby products to women's clothing rapidly growing on Christmas Day.

"Many customers are shopping on Christmas Day in a way that has previously only been seen in the retail industry on Boxing Day."

According to MoneySupermarket.com, shoppers in the UK are set to spend a total of £2.9bn in the Boxing Day sales.

Furniture Village said visits to its website on Christmas Day last year peaked at 25,000 at 4pm, with that figure increasing to 50,000 on Boxing Day, suggesting that the majority of customers researched products online before buying from high street stores.

Chris Webster, a spokesman for technology analyst Capgemini, said: "Online tills will be ringing all the way from Christmas Eve to Boxing Day, including a massive £300m spent on Christmas morning itself.

"Christmas Day will see a surge in online sales as new tablets and smartphones are put through their paces and vouchers are cashed in for virtual goods such as movies and music.

"This year we're as likely to be downloading Queen's Greatest Hits as watching the Queen's speech."

Meanwhile, high street spending was "acceptable but not exceptional" this festive period, according to the British Retail Consortium.

Head of media and campaigns Richard Dodd said poor accessibility on high streets, a lack of parking and weak consumer demand were to blame rather than an increase in online shopping.

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UK Economic Growth Less Than Expected

Britain's growth figure for the third quarter has been revised to 0.9% by the Office for National Statistics.

That is down from their previous estimate of 1%.

Britain's dominant services sector posted meagre growth in October, adding to the challenge for the economy as a whole to expand in the last three months of 2012.

Third quarter GDP growth was the strongest since the third quarter of 2007, but much of that reflected a one-off boost from the London Olympics and a rebound from the second quarter when an extra public holiday dented output. 

Britain suffered its second recession since the financial crisis between late 2011 and mid-2012, and overall has recovered much more slowly since 2009 than most other big economies.

It also emerged that borrowing unexpectedly increased last month, putting more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne's plan to bring down the budget deficit.

Public sector net borrowing, excluding financial interventions such as bank bailouts, was £17.5bn in November, up £1.2bn on the same month last year.

Economists had predicted borrowing would fall slightly to around £16bn.

Public sector borrowing for the year to date is £92.7bn, excluding a one-off £28bn boost from the transfer of the Royal Mail pension fund into Treasury ownership, which is 9.9% higher than the same period last year.

The latest figures will put more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne

James Knightley, analyst at ING Bank, said the borrowing figures highlighted the weak state of the UK economy and the fact that austerity measures were failing to generate the improvement in Government finances that were hoped for.

He said: "All in all, the UK appears to be ending 2012 not in particularly great shape, and as such we suspect the Bank of England has more work to do with further policy stimulus likely in early 2013, especially if the worst fears over the US fiscal cliff materialise."

The ONS said the latest figures do not take into account the transfer of assets from the Bank of England's money printing programme into the Treasury, and the auction of bandwidth for 4G mobile broadband services, which is expected to boost the finances.

In the Chancellor's Autumn Statement earlier this month, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) said it expected borrowing to be £108bn in 2012/13, compared to £119.9bn in the March estimate.

The news will put further pressure on Britain's gold-plated AAA status.

All of the three main ratings agencies have now put the UK on negative watch.

Vicky Redwood, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said: "Although a number of temporary factors flattered the OBR's new forecast for borrowing this year, the underlying picture is that the weak economy is preventing the deficit from falling."

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BAE Systems Strikes £2.5bn Deal With Oman

By Alistair Bunkall, Defence Correspondent

A deal worth £2.5bn has been completed between British defence manufacturer BAE Systems and Oman.

It will see BAE provide the Gulf state with 12 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft and eight Hawk training jets.

As well as supplying aircraft, BAE Systems will provide in-service support to the Royal Air Force of Oman's (RAFO) operational tasks.

Work to start building the aircraft will begin in 2014, with the first jets due for delivery in 2017.

But the markets did not seem too enthusiastic about the announcement, as the BAE share price was down 2% during the early hours of trading.

More importantly for the company's future financial health is the Salam deal for 72 Typhoon jets with Saudi Arabia, worth £4.5bn.

Earlier this week, BAE warned that its 2012 earnings would suffer if no agreement was reached on this deal by February 21.

Last month, Prime Minister David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on a trade mission to promote BAE and persuade the states to buy British-made defence equipment.

PM David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE last month

It is unusual for a British prime minister to promote defence companies so openly but the Government is seeking to build closer ties with friendly Middle Eastern states in the face of what it sees as a growing threat in the region from countries like Iran.

The move also demonstrates an attempt to forge links outside of the traditional Nato countries.

The deal is not only important for BAE Systems but also for the companies that form the supply chain, many of which are based in the UK.

The deal will support BAE's assertion that it still has a strong business with a positive future after the proposed merger with EADS collapsed in October.

Cuts to defence budgets globally have resulted in a tougher and more competitive market, and BAE had hoped a merger with a company that specialises in civil aviation would lessen any effect of budget cuts.

Guy Griffiths, group managing director for BAE Systems' International business, said: "Receiving this contract is an honour and is excellent news for both BAE Systems and the Eurofighter Typhoon consortium.

"We look forward to working in partnership with Oman's Ministry of Defence, and the Royal Air Force of Oman, to ensure this is a highly successful programme that maximises the potential of both Hawk and Typhoon."

Oman becomes the seventh country in the world, and the second in the Middle East, to operate the Typhoon, joining the air forces of the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria and Saudi Arabia.

Business Secretary Vince Cable said: "This is obviously a very good day for BAE Systems, its suppliers and the broader Eurofighter supply chain.

"We, and our partners in the Eurofighter consortium are pursuing a number of opportunities at present and I hope that the decision by Oman to join the Typhoon family is followed by more of its friends and neighbours."

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House Prices Predicted To Edge Down In 2013

House prices across the country fall by 1% during 2013 as the London market shows signs of cooling, property analysts have said.

Prices fell 0.1% month-on-month in December, marking the sixth month in a row that this has happened, and average prices ended the year 0.3% lower than a year ago, Hometrack said.

It predicts that a reluctance by struggling families to take on more debt will continue to act as a drag on the housing market next year and prices will be more volatile with continued low sales.

Hometrack's monthly figures for December show prices were flat in London and East Anglia, fell 0.1% in the Midlands, the South and Yorkshire and Humberside, dropped 0.2% in the North West and Wales and by 0.3% in the North East.

One in five postcodes in England and Wales recorded price increases over the past year but prices have fallen across two-thirds of the country.

London has had strong demand from wealthy overseas buyers and consistently outperforms other regions, seeing prices rise in seven out of 10 postcodes this year. Property prices are now 10% higher than at the peak of the market in 2007.

But price growth in London, vital to keeping average prices up in the rest of the country, is predicted to slow over next year, with a 2% annual increase pencilled in.

Central London price growth looks set to slow, following the introduction of a 7% stamp duty rate placed on homes worth over £2m in March.

The Office for National Statistics recently indicated that house price increases in London could be slowing. The rate of year-on-year price growth in the city dropped from 5.2% in September to 3.4% by October.

The study regularly asks estate agents across England and Wales about achievable selling prices.

But Hometrack's predictions jar with some other recent surveys, including one from Rightmove which said increased competition among mortgage lenders and a continued shortage of homes to choose from will help to push asking prices up by 2% across England and Wales next year.

The Council of Mortgage Lenders has said it expects the housing market to "feel more stable and positive" next year, with much of the boost coming from a multibillion-pound Government scheme which has already helped to increase mortgage availability.

But the council has also said demand for mortgages could be held back by the weakness of the economy and much will hinge on the continued resilience of UK employment.

Halifax has said house prices are likely to be flat next year, with any growth likely to be strongest in London and the South East.

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BT Slapped With £95m Refund Bill

BT has been told it must repay almost £95m to corporate customers following a row over high speed data provision.

The regulator Ofcom ruled the company had overcharged for Ethernet services and must hand back £94.8m to communication providers BSkyB - the owner of Sky News - Talk Talk, Virgin Media, Verizon UK and Cable & Wireless.

Ethernet services are mainly used by businesses and provide dedicated broadband capacity between different locations.

Ofcom said it received the first complaint in 2010 that the charges levied by BT were "not cost orientated".

It had continued to receive related claims ahead of today's decision, the regulator stated.

BT, which said in November that its second quarter revenues had been hit by a triple whammy of recession, regulation and rain, has two months to decide if it will appeal the decision.

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UK Economic Growth Less Than Expected

Britain's growth figure for the third quarter has been revised to 0.9% by the Office for National Statistics.

That is down from their previous estimate of 1%.

Britain's dominant services sector posted meagre growth in October, adding to the challenge for the economy as a whole to expand in the last three months of 2012.

Third quarter GDP growth was the strongest since the third quarter of 2007, but much of that reflected a one-off boost from the London Olympics and a rebound from the second quarter when an extra public holiday dented output. 

Britain suffered its second recession since the financial crisis between late 2011 and mid-2012, and overall has recovered much more slowly since 2009 than most other big economies.

It also emerged that borrowing unexpectedly increased last month, putting more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne's plan to bring down the budget deficit.

Public sector net borrowing, excluding financial interventions such as bank bailouts, was £17.5bn in November, up £1.2bn on the same month last year.

Economists had predicted borrowing would fall slightly to around £16bn.

Public sector borrowing for the year to date is £92.7bn, excluding a one-off £28bn boost from the transfer of the Royal Mail pension fund into Treasury ownership, which is 9.9% higher than the same period last year.

The latest figures will put more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne

James Knightley, analyst at ING Bank, said the borrowing figures highlighted the weak state of the UK economy and the fact that austerity measures were failing to generate the improvement in Government finances that were hoped for.

He said: "All in all, the UK appears to be ending 2012 not in particularly great shape, and as such we suspect the Bank of England has more work to do with further policy stimulus likely in early 2013, especially if the worst fears over the US fiscal cliff materialise."

The ONS said the latest figures do not take into account the transfer of assets from the Bank of England's money printing programme into the Treasury, and the auction of bandwidth for 4G mobile broadband services, which is expected to boost the finances.

In the Chancellor's Autumn Statement earlier this month, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) said it expected borrowing to be £108bn in 2012/13, compared to £119.9bn in the March estimate.

The news will put further pressure on Britain's gold-plated AAA status.

All of the three main ratings agencies have now put the UK on negative watch.

Vicky Redwood, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said: "Although a number of temporary factors flattered the OBR's new forecast for borrowing this year, the underlying picture is that the weak economy is preventing the deficit from falling."

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BAE Systems Strikes £2.5bn Deal With Oman

By Alistair Bunkall, Defence Correspondent

A deal worth £2.5bn has been completed between British defence manufacturer BAE Systems and Oman.

It will see BAE provide the Gulf state with 12 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft and eight Hawk training jets.

As well as supplying aircraft, BAE Systems will provide in-service support to the Royal Air Force of Oman's (RAFO) operational tasks.

Work to start building the aircraft will begin in 2014, with the first jets due for delivery in 2017.

But the markets did not seem too enthusiastic about the announcement, as the BAE share price was down 2% during the early hours of trading.

More importantly for the company's future financial health is the Salam deal for 72 Typhoon jets with Saudi Arabia, worth £4.5bn.

Earlier this week, BAE warned that its 2012 earnings would suffer if no agreement was reached on this deal by February 21.

Last month, Prime Minister David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on a trade mission to promote BAE and persuade the states to buy British-made defence equipment.

PM David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE last month

It is unusual for a British prime minister to promote defence companies so openly but the Government is seeking to build closer ties with friendly Middle Eastern states in the face of what it sees as a growing threat in the region from countries like Iran.

The move also demonstrates an attempt to forge links outside of the traditional Nato countries.

The deal is not only important for BAE Systems but also for the companies that form the supply chain, many of which are based in the UK.

The deal will support BAE's assertion that it still has a strong business with a positive future after the proposed merger with EADS collapsed in October.

Cuts to defence budgets globally have resulted in a tougher and more competitive market, and BAE had hoped a merger with a company that specialises in civil aviation would lessen any effect of budget cuts.

Guy Griffiths, group managing director for BAE Systems' International business, said: "Receiving this contract is an honour and is excellent news for both BAE Systems and the Eurofighter Typhoon consortium.

"We look forward to working in partnership with Oman's Ministry of Defence, and the Royal Air Force of Oman, to ensure this is a highly successful programme that maximises the potential of both Hawk and Typhoon."

Oman becomes the seventh country in the world, and the second in the Middle East, to operate the Typhoon, joining the air forces of the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria and Saudi Arabia.

Business Secretary Vince Cable said: "This is obviously a very good day for BAE Systems, its suppliers and the broader Eurofighter supply chain.

"We, and our partners in the Eurofighter consortium are pursuing a number of opportunities at present and I hope that the decision by Oman to join the Typhoon family is followed by more of its friends and neighbours."

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UK Economic Growth Less Than Expected

Britain's growth figure for the third quarter has been revised to 0.9% by the Office for National Statistics.

That is down from their previous estimate of 1%.

Britain's dominant services sector posted meagre growth in October, adding to the challenge for the economy as a whole to expand in the last three months of 2012.

Third quarter GDP growth was the strongest since the third quarter of 2007, but much of that reflected a one-off boost from the London Olympics and a rebound from the second quarter when an extra public holiday dented output. 

Britain suffered its second recession since the financial crisis between late 2011 and mid-2012, and overall has recovered much more slowly since 2009 than most other big economies.

It also emerged that borrowing unexpectedly increased last month, putting more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne's plan to bring down the budget deficit.

Public sector net borrowing, excluding financial interventions such as bank bailouts, was £17.5bn in November, up £1.2bn on the same month last year.

Economists had predicted borrowing would fall slightly to around £16bn.

Public sector borrowing for the year to date is £92.7bn, excluding a one-off £28bn boost from the transfer of the Royal Mail pension fund into Treasury ownership, which is 9.9% higher than the same period last year.

The latest figures will put more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne

James Knightley, analyst at ING Bank, said the borrowing figures highlighted the weak state of the UK economy and the fact that austerity measures were failing to generate the improvement in Government finances that were hoped for.

He said: "All in all, the UK appears to be ending 2012 not in particularly great shape, and as such we suspect the Bank of England has more work to do with further policy stimulus likely in early 2013, especially if the worst fears over the US fiscal cliff materialise."

The ONS said the latest figures do not take into account the transfer of assets from the Bank of England's money printing programme into the Treasury, and the auction of bandwidth for 4G mobile broadband services, which is expected to boost the finances.

In the Chancellor's Autumn Statement earlier this month, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) said it expected borrowing to be £108bn in 2012/13, compared to £119.9bn in the March estimate.

The news will put further pressure on Britain's gold-plated AAA status.

All of the three main ratings agencies have now put the UK on negative watch.

Vicky Redwood, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said: "Although a number of temporary factors flattered the OBR's new forecast for borrowing this year, the underlying picture is that the weak economy is preventing the deficit from falling."

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BAE Systems Strikes £2.5bn Deal With Oman

By Alistair Bunkall, Defence Correspondent

A deal worth £2.5bn has been completed between British defence manufacturer BAE Systems and Oman.

It will see BAE provide the Gulf state with 12 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft and eight Hawk training jets.

As well as supplying aircraft, BAE Systems will provide in-service support to the Royal Air Force of Oman's (RAFO) operational tasks.

Work to start building the aircraft will begin in 2014, with the first jets due for delivery in 2017.

But the markets did not seem too enthusiastic about the announcement, as the BAE share price was down 2% during the early hours of trading.

More importantly for the company's future financial health is the Salam deal for 72 Typhoon jets with Saudi Arabia, worth £4.5bn.

Earlier this week, BAE warned that its 2012 earnings would suffer if no agreement was reached on this deal by February 21.

Last month, Prime Minister David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on a trade mission to promote BAE and persuade the states to buy British-made defence equipment.

PM David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE last month

It is unusual for a British prime minister to promote defence companies so openly but the Government is seeking to build closer ties with friendly Middle Eastern states in the face of what it sees as a growing threat in the region from countries like Iran.

The move also demonstrates an attempt to forge links outside of the traditional Nato countries.

The deal is not only important for BAE Systems but also for the companies that form the supply chain, many of which are based in the UK.

The deal will support BAE's assertion that it still has a strong business with a positive future after the proposed merger with EADS collapsed in October.

Cuts to defence budgets globally have resulted in a tougher and more competitive market, and BAE had hoped a merger with a company that specialises in civil aviation would lessen any effect of budget cuts.

Guy Griffiths, group managing director for BAE Systems' International business, said: "Receiving this contract is an honour and is excellent news for both BAE Systems and the Eurofighter Typhoon consortium.

"We look forward to working in partnership with Oman's Ministry of Defence, and the Royal Air Force of Oman, to ensure this is a highly successful programme that maximises the potential of both Hawk and Typhoon."

Oman becomes the seventh country in the world, and the second in the Middle East, to operate the Typhoon, joining the air forces of the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria and Saudi Arabia.

Business Secretary Vince Cable said: "This is obviously a very good day for BAE Systems, its suppliers and the broader Eurofighter supply chain.

"We, and our partners in the Eurofighter consortium are pursuing a number of opportunities at present and I hope that the decision by Oman to join the Typhoon family is followed by more of its friends and neighbours."

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Retailers Geared Up For 'Busiest Day'

By Tadhg Enright, Business Correspondent

As the last full shopping day before Christmas Eve, today is expected to be the busiest day of the year on high streets and in shopping centres.

The British Retail Consortium expects between £4bn and £5bn to be spent throughout this weekend.

Researchers at the credit card company, Visa, have forecast sales to peak this afternoon between 2pm and 3pm.

At Brent Cross Shopping Centre in north London, management think today could be their busiest on record and extra security and traffic staff have been deployed to help customers.

Centre manager Tom Nathan told Sky News: "Everything shows us that when Christmas is on a Tuesday and the schools only broke up yesterday that today is going to be enormous because people haven't had the chance to go and do their full Christmas shop.

"So combine that with buying the turkey - and today is the start of the big turkey run - and today is going to be a huge one I think."

But the Local Government Association said confidence on the high street remained low.

Its annual Christmas survey found that 84% of town centre managers said confidence among shoppers had either not improved or worsened compared with this time last year.

It also suggested that the particularly cold and wet start to the winter could also be taking its toll on the number of shoppers visiting town centres.

Sales at Brent Cross Shopping Centre could be the busiest yet

Normally the busiest day of the year is December 23 - the last day before Christmas Eve - but this year that falls on a Sunday when trading hours for bigger shops are restricted by law to just six hours.

Big name retailers including John Lewis, Morrisons and Marks & Spencer failed in a bid to convince the Government to relax the restrictions on Sunday trading tomorrow.

M&S has responded by opening more than 100 of its stores at 12.01am on Christmas Eve morning to help shoppers get their Christmas essentials in time.

An M&S spokesman said: "We know that the days leading up to Christmas are some of the most hectic for our customers.

"Due to Sunday trading rules, we can only open for six hours on one of the busiest days of the year.

"We hope that these early bird hours on Monday will ease the pressure and give busy shoppers a bit more time to pick up Christmas food orders or last minute presents."

Waitrose, part of John Lewis, will also extend Christmas Eve trading hours in two thirds of its supermarkets by opening an hour earlier at 7am and closing an hour later at 6pm.

Sky News visited one of its four regional distribution centres at its head office in Bracknell, Berkshire, and saw staff working to deliver twice the normal volume of food to its stores.

They will be working 24 hours a day between now and 6am on Christmas Eve to ensure Waitrose shelves remain stocked.

But management are disappointed for them and their customers that trading will be curtailed on December 23 which is usually their most important shopping day.

Waitrose supply chain director David Jones told Sky News: "If you can imagine what you'd normally take in trading over 14 hours and shrinking that into six hours, it's quite challenging as you walk around the supermarket.

"You're trying to get people through checkouts and we would have loved to have had the opportunity to trade for a longer time."

Mr Jones will be taking time out from his executive duties to man the tills in his local branch over Christmas.

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BT Slapped With £95m Refund Bill

BT has been told it must repay almost £95m to corporate customers following a row over high speed data provision.

The regulator Ofcom ruled the company had overcharged for Ethernet services and must hand back £94.8m to communication providers BSkyB - the owner of Sky News - Talk Talk, Virgin Media, Verizon UK and Cable & Wireless.

Ethernet services are mainly used by businesses and provide dedicated broadband capacity between different locations.

Ofcom said it received the first complaint in 2010 that the charges levied by BT were "not cost orientated".

It had continued to receive related claims ahead of today's decision, the regulator stated.

BT, which said in November that its second quarter revenues had been hit by a triple whammy of recession, regulation and rain, has two months to decide if it will appeal the decision.

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UK Economic Growth Less Than Expected

Britain's growth figure for the third quarter has been revised to 0.9%, by the Office for National Statistics.

That is down from their previous estimate of 1%.

Britain's dominant services sector posted meagre growth in October, adding to the challenge for the economy as a whole to expand in the last three months of 2012.

Third quarter GDP growth was the strongest since the third quarter of 2007, but much of that reflected a one-off boost from the London Olympics and a rebound from the second quarter when an extra public holiday dented output. 

Britain suffered its second recession since the financial crisis between late 2011 and mid-2012, and overall has recovered much more slowly since 2009 than most other big economies.

It also emerged that borrowing unexpectedly increased last month, putting more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne's plan to bring down the budget deficit.

Public sector net borrowing, excluding financial interventions such as bank bailouts, was £17.5bn in November, up £1.2bn on the same month last year.

Economists had predicted borrowing would fall slightly to around £16bn.

Public sector borrowing for the year to date is £92.7bn, excluding a one-off £28bn boost from the transfer of the Royal Mail pension fund into Treasury ownership, which is 9.9% higher than the same period last year.

The latest figures will put more pressure on Chancellor George Osborne

James Knightley, analyst at ING Bank, said the borrowing figures highlighted the weak state of the UK economy, and the fact that austerity measures were failing to generate the improvement in Government finances that were hoped for.

He said: "All in all, the UK appears to be ending 2012 not in particularly great shape, and as such we suspect the Bank of England has more work to do with further policy stimulus likely in early 2013, especially if the worst fears over the US fiscal cliff materialise."

The ONS said the latest figures do not take into account the transfer of assets from the Bank of England's money printing programme into the Treasury, and the auction of bandwidth for 4G mobile broadband services, which is expected to boost the finances.

In the Chancellor's Autumn Statement earlier this month, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) said it expected borrowing to be £108bn in 2012/13, compared to £119.9bn in the March estimate.

The news will put further pressure on Britain's gold-plated AAA status.

All of the three main ratings agencies have now put the UK on negative watch.

Vicky Redwood, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said: "Although a number of temporary factors flattered the OBR's new forecast for borrowing this year, the underlying picture is that the weak economy is preventing the deficit from falling."

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BAE Systems Strikes £2.5bn Deal With Oman

By Alistair Bunkall, Defence Correspondent

A deal worth £2.5bn has been completed between British defence manufacturer BAE Systems and Oman.

It will see BAE provide the Gulf state with 12 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft and eight Hawk training jets.

As well as supplying aircraft, BAE Systems will provide in-service support to the Royal Air Force of Oman's (RAFO) operational tasks.

Work to start building the aircraft will begin in 2014, with the first jets due for delivery in 2017.

But the markets did not seem too enthusiastic about the announcement, as the BAE share price was trading down 2% during the early hours of trading.

More importantly for the company's future financial health is the Salam deal for 72 Typhoon jets with Saudi Arabia, worth £4.5bn.

Earlier this week, BAE warned that its 2012 earnings would suffer if no agreement was reached on this deal by February 21.

Last month, Prime Minister David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on a trade mission to promote BAE and persuade the states to buy British-made defence equipment.

PM David Cameron visited Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE last month

It is unusual for a British prime minister to promote defence companies so openly but the Government is seeking to build closer ties with friendly Middle Eastern states in the face of what it sees as a growing threat in the region from countries like Iran.

The move also demonstrates an attempt to forge links outside of the traditional Nato countries.

The deal is not only important for BAE Systems, but also for the companies that form the supply chain, many of which are based in the UK.

The deal will support BAE's assertion that it still has a strong business with a positive future after the proposed merger with EADS collapsed in October.

Cuts to defence budgets globally have resulted in a tougher and more competitive market, and BAE had hoped a merger with a company that specialises in civil aviation would lessen any effect of budget cuts.

Guy Griffiths, group managing director for BAE Systems' International business, said: "Receiving this contract is an honour and is excellent news for both BAE Systems and the Eurofighter Typhoon consortium.

"We look forward to working in partnership with Oman's Ministry of Defence, and the Royal Air Force of Oman, to ensure this is a highly successful programme that maximises the potential of both Hawk and Typhoon."

Oman becomes the seventh country in the world, and the second in the Middle East, to operate the Typhoon, joining the air forces of the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria and Saudi Arabia.

Business Secretary Vince Cable said: "This is obviously a very good day for BAE Systems, its suppliers and the broader Eurofighter supply chain.

"We, and our partners in the Eurofighter consortium, are pursuing a number of opportunities at present and I hope that the decision by Oman to join the Typhoon family is followed by more of its friends and neighbours."

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4G Auction: Seven Firms To Compete For Space

There will be two relative strangers to mobile users among the firms bidding in next year's 4G auction.

Ofcom announced there would be seven companies competing for space in what will be the biggest ever sale of the UK's mobile airwaves.

The regulator said the auction, which kicks off in January, will herald "better, faster and more reliable mobile broadband connections" for consumers across the UK.

EE, which was formed from the merger of Orange and T-Mobile, already has access to 4G and was the first to offer a 4G network in the UK by using old 2G capacity, but is bidding for more space.

Vodafone, Hutchison 3G and O2 parent firm Telefonica will also be competing while it is understood that BT is more interested in bolstering its wi-fi services than in becoming a major mobile phone player.

The intentions of PCCW, which owns Hong Kong Telecom, and UK network supplier MLL Telecom are less clear but MLL confirmed that its interest was limited to one of supporting mobile firms rather than becoming an operator itself.

Ofcom said the auction, which kicks off next month, will herald "better, faster and more reliable mobile broadband connections" for consumers across the UK.

Its chief executive Ed Richards said: "The 4G auction will be a competitive process that will dictate the shape of the UK mobile phone market for the next decade and beyond."

It is expected to raise up to £3.5bn for the Treasury.

The bidders will be competing to buy airwaves in two separate bands - higher frequency 2.6 GHz and lower frequency 800 MHz - with around 28 lots of spectrum up for grabs in total.

Experts suggest that, for the typical user, download speeds of initial 4G networks will be at least five to seven times faster than those for existing 3G networks.

This means a music album that takes 20 minutes to download on a 3G phone will take just over three minutes on 4G.

4G is also expected to revolutionise other high-bandwidth data services such as streaming high-quality video or watching live TV.

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